Nuclear terrorism Free Essays

The most recent threat of Nuclear attack attempted on the United States has come from North Korea, as such the following essay will delve into North Korea’s investment in nuclear terrorism and the plan of action the United States has against such action.   There are several links that associate North Korea to different factions of terrorism.   The following paper will give detailed examples of North Korea’s interaction and support of each group. We will write a custom essay sample on Nuclear terrorism or any similar topic only for you Order Now    The support of terrorism has many forms such as weapons or money and North Korea’s handing over of monetary funds and weapons will also be documented in this essay.   The resources necessary for terrorism to exist has a partner in government and North Korea is just such a partner. The following paper will not only address the fact of terrorism affiliation between North Korea and reputed terrorist groups and countries but also that North Korea has their own terrorist group.   This fact can be found in North Korea’s treatment toward South Korea and reported assassination attempts of their presidents on several occasions.   The terrorist affiliation North Korea harbors is one that involves not only promoting terrorism through trade with notable terrorist groups but also their own participation in Afghanistan terrorist camps and the trading of weapons technologies with such groups (Graham 20-21). North Korea is a country with a specific dichotomy between public relations.   These relations deal mainly with money.   The reason North Korea is reported to be trading with terrorists is that their funding aids in the economic growth of their country.   The support that North Korea gives to terrorist is rewarded with monetary funds from such countries as Japan, Iran, and Iraq.   This paper will organize specific examples of each country and it’s trading policy with North Korea (what items it trades for what price etc.).   The essay will also focus on how North Korea opens up trade routes covertly using bribes and coercion. The year 2000 saw the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) and the United States government went through a series of terrorism talks and the future state of terrorism as well as cooperation of North Korea’s government in several documented terrorism actions.   Such actions include the 1970 hijacking of a Japanese plane bound for North Korea and the subsequent sheltering of the Japanese Communist League-Red Army Faction members or hijackers, or the safe haven North Korea provided to the terrorist who were involved in the hijack.   Also, DPRK has been suspected of selling weapons to the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, as specified by the Philippine government. The monetary transaction was made possible through Middle East connections (Terrorism Files, 2002).   North Korea has been on the US terrorism list sin 1988 and continues to remain on that list because of its uncooperative procedures for information on terrorist after the September 11 attacks, as Secretary of State John Bolton stated, â€Å"’North Korea has a dedicated, national-level effort to achieve a biological weapons capacity and has developed and produced, and may have weaponized, biological weapons agents. Despite the fact that its citizens are starving,† said Mr. Bolton, â€Å"the leadership in Pyongyang has spent large sums of money to acquire the resources, including a biotechnology infrastructure, capable of producing infectious agents, toxins, and other crude biological weapons. It has a variety of means at its disposal for delivering these deadly weapons.’† (North Korea and Terrorism 2002). Another terrorism threat that North Korea poses and has been linked with is nuclear terror.   In this respect according to Pakistan and US sources (as well as Libyan) this is the current threat of North Korea:   they have been supposedly training Arab terrorists for at minimum ten years at the Kim Jung-il Political and Military University.   North Korea is also linked with Osama bin Laden in arms dealing, as Triplett (2004) states in North Korea and Nuclear Terror, of the existing relationship between North Korea and bin Laden, â€Å"This was discovered in 2000 when bin Laden financed a shipment of North Korean conventional arms to a Philippine Islamic terrorist group†. North Korean nuclear weapons were also being used as tests by Pakistan (in 1998).   Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory suspect that these tests were a conglomeration between Pakistan and North Korea in nuclear testing.   Such joint ventures are not new for North Korea and their connection with terrorism.   Nuclear weapons are just the forefront of terror that North Korea has presented to the world. North Korea, since their cover-up in 1970 of the safe haven they provided to the airplane hijackers, have been affiliated with several terrorist groups as Triplett further states, â€Å"Recently a Japanese newspaper, citing military sources, reported Iranian military figures were seen at North Korea nuclear facilities. This leads allied intelligence to suspect the Iranians of trying to move their nuclear weapons program to North Korea, beyond the range of Israeli F-16 fighter-bombers†. The Pakistan, and North Korean conglomeration of trading weapons is a definite terrorism group.   The weapon testing near the Afghan border in 1998 was reported to have been the testing of Korean made missiles.   Another link between Pakistan and North Korea can be found with Major General (retired) Saltan Habib, who was responsible for covert acquisitions of nuclear technologies while presiding as the defense attachà © of Pakistan in Moscow, was posted as the ambassador to North Korea to ‘oversee the clandestine nuclear and missile cooperation between North Korea and Pakistan’ (Raman 2002). As the ambassador, Habib organized the covert shipment of missiles from North Korea to Pakistan.   Not only did Habib coordinate this shipment but he also was reported to have exchanged technology from North Korea to Pakistan on weapons technologies especially those dealing with missiles and nuclear devices as Raman states, â€Å"†¦the training of Pakistani experts in the missile production and testing facilities of North Korea and the training of North Korean scientists in the nuclear establishments of Pakistan through Captain (retired) Shafquat Cheema, third secretary and acting head of mission in the Pakistani embassy in North Korea from 1992 to 1996†. Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) is one in which North Korea has strong ties.   Prior to Habib’s position with North Korea it was filled by Major General Shujjat from the Baluch Regiment.   General Shujjat was not only working for the embitterment of North Korea but clandestine actions he performed were favoring ISI for five consecutive years as Raman states, â€Å"On Captain Cheema’s return to headquarters in 1996, the ISI discovered that in addition to acting as the liaison officer of the ISI with the nuclear and missile establishments in North Korea, he was also earning money from the Iranian and the Iraqi intelligence by helping them in their clandestine nuclear and missile technology and material procurement not only from North Korea, but also from Russia and the CARs†. The limits of North Korea’s involvement in terror seem boundless.   Not only have they delivered ballistic missiles to Pakistan but also they are using very covert methods by which to trade.   The beginning of 2002 was witness to mass movements of nuclear weapons across the Karakoram Highway.   These weapons were being transported from China to Pakistan with the envoy containing spare parts and other assortments.   The transportation of this shipment however has ties with North Korea because China may have accepted this movement from Pakistan only in regards to North Korea’s wishes (Raman). North Korea, Iran, and Iraq are infamously known as the Axis of Evil, because of their terrorist ties and promotion of illegal arms dealing.   North Korea has managed to become well versed in terrorism through biological, chemical, and nuclear means.   In 1988 North Korea or DPRK as well as Kim Jong-il were suspected (and this probability is almost certain) of committing to assassinate South Korean president Chun in Rangoon (or Yangun as it is known today). The assassination was to take place by strategically placing bombs atop the Martyr’s Masoleum (in dedication to Aung San the founder of independent Burma).   Although president Chun was delayed in traffic and did not succumb to the bombings, â€Å"The huge blast ripped through the crowd below, killing 21 people and wounding 46. Among the dead were the Korean foreign minister, Lee Bum Suk, the economic planning minister and deputy prime minister, Suh Suk Joo, and the Minister for Commerce and Industry, Kim Dong Whie. The rest of those killed were presidential advisers, journalists, and security officials, most of them South Korean† (Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia). In finding evidence to support North Korea has having terrorist ties, it is presumably difficult.   The suspects who were responsible for the Rangoon bombings committed suicide by detonating hand grenades.   Such suspects are common in assisination attempts and thus true evidence is difficult to come by in linking North Korea directly with terrorism in some cases.   However, the 1970 safehaven as well as arms dealing that Philippine officials attest to are some of the supporting materials that accumalte against North Korea (Graham 80-85). In lieu of specific evidence to support terrorism affilitations from North Korea president Kim Jong-il admitted to the United States in 2000 that DPRK had willfully exported missiles abroad.   These missiles are traded to Syria and Iran in exchange for monetary compensation.   While Syria was reportedly a main buyer of missiles, Iran was said to be a primary buyer of not only ballistic missiles but technology as well (Wagner 2000).   The specific terrorism that exists in North Korea trading missiles to such countries exists in those countries’ intent for such exported ‘goods’.   In order for North Korea to stop association and trading of missiles, as Wagner states of the conference between the United States and North Korea held in July-August of 2000, Einhorn characterized the talks as â€Å"very useful† and said that he hopes to meet again with the North Koreans in the near future. However, on July 12, Jang â€Å"clarified† that North Korea would only continue the talks if the United States compensated Pyongyang â€Å"for the political and economic losses to be incurred in case we suspend our missile program.† During the meeting, the United States had once again rejected North Korea’s long-standing demand for $1 billion per year in return for the cessation of missile exports. â€Å"North Korea should not be receiving cash compensation for stopping what it shouldn’t be doing in the first place,† Einhorn said. This compensation is coercion and is a type of terrorism in and of itself.   North Korea should not be given compensation pay for ending its affilitation with terrorism simply because their economy would suffer slightly from the lose of funds selling missiles etc. had given the DPRK. North Korea has remained in close contact with different terrorist groups.   The Japanese Red Army who were given safehaven in 1970 after the plane hijacking are coherts of Middle Eastern terrorists and in this connection lies the bridge by which North Korea exports weapons (Fulford 2001).   As said prior Pakistan has a standing trade relationship with North Korea as missile buyers. The funding for such North Korean weapons development as Fulford states, â€Å"However, cutting off one of ruler Kim Jong Il’s main sources of finance–illegal activities in Japan–might prove easier. North Korea’s government has been manufacturing large quantities of heroin, amphetamines, weapons and counterfeit U.S. dollars to finance its weapons development programs. It sells them either through criminal gangs in Japan or via Russia and China to the U.S. and Europe, the Korea experts say.† Pakistan is also a main supporter of the Afghanistan Taliban regime and terror weapons that are used by Taliban are subsequently provided by North Korea (Fulford). Other avenues by which North Korea finds funding for weapons is through Japan’s Liberal Democratic Party.   The Party solicits succor toward North Korea in exchange for bribes as Fulford further states, â€Å"†¦when Japan gave 500,000 tons of rice aid to North Korea last year, politicians received kickbacks from North Korea, Lee says. â€Å"I was with a North Korean official as he phoned a Japanese member of parliament and told him a shipment of free fish had been sent to a company he owns,† he says.† This bribe system works by committing North Korean businessmen, who reside in Japan, to a loan.   This loan, or lend, is given by a bank and is paid back directly to North Korea and Japan.   Thus, the money cannot easily be traced.   Public money is being used to generate a working arms dealing relationship between North Korea and Japan. Public money is not the only money being used in corrupt manners:   The Japanese government aided North Korea’s atomic weapon development through its Fuji bank.   Fuji bank is one of the largest banks in the world and its involvement in the deal between North Korea and Japan was a catalyst in North Korean weapons building and trading.   Essentially Fuji paid approximately $350 million to a myriad of North Korean businesses and organizations who were prospering in Japan.   This money was given in exchange for debt collection services (Graham 61-63). The funding for weapons development in North Korea as it is funded by Japan and public money is the key component of rising terrorism at a global scale.   Due to North Korea’s association with several aforementioned terrorists groups, global terror does exist.   North Korea’s trade of missiles to different terrorist organizations promotes multilateral trade in a negative fashion because what North Korea is truly promoting is terrorism through trade. There also exist unofficial reports of North Korea terrorist involvement.   It has been established that North Korea has dealt ballistic missiles to countries: It gained the raw materials for the construction of these missiles from such countries as China.   These missiles are capable of delivering mass destruction in the form of biological as well as chemical warfare.   In late 2001 P’yongyang continued a type of global scavenger hunt for technologies dealing with the making of nuclear weapons. The procurement of the necessary plutonium for at least one nuclear weapon has set the world on edge.   As the Unclassified Congress Report (2001) states, â€Å"Spent fuel rods canned in accordance with the 1994 Agreed Framework contain enough plutonium for several more weapons.†Ã‚   Along this train of potential arms dealings P’yongyang laid the path to trade with Russia by signing the Defense Industry Cooperation Agreement. Among the trading partners that North Korea has established ties with include Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, Angola, Burma, Cuba, Libya, and Syria.   Through trade with these countries North Korea is able to consistently manage its immense military operation (14% of its economic gross goes to the military despite calling in international aid to its starving people).   The trading that continues between the aforementioned countries and North Korea involves ‘arms, chemical and biological weapons materials, and even ballistic missile technology–in clear violation of the Missile Technology Control Regime. Libya, for example, recently bought 50 Rodong-1 missiles from North Korea with a range of 1,000 kilometers’ (Hwang, 2001). Among the trading countries that North Korea has ties and the materials thar are reportedly being traded, North Korea has also been invovled with overtly selling weapons to various terrorist groups such as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam and the United Wa State Army.   The United Wa State Army is a drug affiliated Burma terrorist group residing in the golden triangle.   The golden triangle is the area between Thailand, Laos, and Burma. Not only is North Korea coordinating trading efforts with these terrorist groups but North Korea also has been training in Afghanistan terrorist camps (Hwang).   The Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, John E. McLaughlin stated of North Korean involvement of terrorism, â€Å"North Korea’s challenge to regional and global security is magnified by two factors†¦first, the North’s pursuit of weapons of mass destruction and long-range missiles, and two, its readiness–and eagerness–to become missile salesman to the world† (Hwang). Not only is North Korea associated and in league with terrorist groups by harboring hijackers and participating in terrorist camps but North Korea is a terrorist.   In 1987 North Korean agents bombed a South Korean airplane.   North Korea has continuously be involved with terrorist attacks on South Korea a reported 300 instances.   North Korea has participated in covert assassination attempts of South Korean presidents and has traversed passed South Korean borders 15 separate times (Hwang). Not simply has North Korea been fully participatory in these incidences but as Hwang further states, â€Å"In one of the most blatant, 26 North Korean commandos in a submarine landed off the South Korean coast in September 1996; they, along with 17 South Koreans, were killed in the ensuing manhunt. Their mission is believed to have been to assassinate South Korean dignitaries†.   Therefore, North Korea guilty of fully participating in aiding terrorists through weapons and technologies and they are also delving into the leagues of terrorism by their chronic attack on South Korea (Graham 43-44). Along the lines of defining North Korea as having terrorist groups within its borders who are North Korean Hwang states that North Korea has kidnapped an unprecedented 3,600 Korean citizens since the year 1953.   In this fact there exists relevant material to consider North Korea as having terrorist intentions and actions.   Not only has North Korea abducted Koreans but reportedly also foreigners, of which ten Japanese foreigners are the most noted. In conclusion, North Korea is not only a country who supports terrorism through trade of weapons and technology but it is also a country which participates in terrorism through assassinations, and kidnappings.   North Korea then exists as a country spurned by monetary gain and by lines of distinction between trading partners and the uses those countries may have for nuclear weapons. Although the above pages attest to the development of North Korea and its invovlement with terrorism it must also be noted that the United States with the advocacy of the United Nations, has established an administration of foreign policy which will attribute to the goals of nuclear disarmament. Work Cited Allison, Graham.   (2005).   Nuclear Terrorism, The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe.   Owl Books, New York. Editorial.   North Korea and Terrorism.   2002.   (Online).   Available:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.ibb.gov/editorials/09924.htm Fulford, Benjamin.   North Korea, Another Outcropping of Terrorism.   Forbes.   September 2001. (Online).   Available:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www2.gol.com/users/coynerhm/north_korea_another_outcropping_of_terrorism.htm Hwang, Balbina.   North Korea Deserves to Remain on US List of Sponsors of Terrorism. Asia and the Pacific.   November 2001.   (Online).   Available:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.heritage.org/Research/AsiaandthePacific/BG1503.cfm Raman, B.   Pakistan and the North Korea Connection.   Asia Times, October 2002.   (Online). Available:   http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/DJ22Df01.html. Terrorism Files.   State-Sponsored Terrorism North Korea.   2002.   (Online).   Available:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.terrorismfiles.org/countries/north_korea.html Triplett, William C.   North Korea and Nuclear Terror.   The Washington Times.   2004.(Online).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Available:http://www.washingtontimes.com/commentary/20040406-101023-7315r.htm Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia.   Rangoon Bombing.   (Online).   Available:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangoon_bombing  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unclassified Congress Report.   2001.   (Online).   Available:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   https://www.cia.gov/cia/reports/721_reports/jan_jun2001.htm#5 Wagner, Alexander.   US-North Korea Terrorism Talks Resume; North Korea Admits to Exporting Rocket Technology.   Arms Control Association, September 2000. (Online).   Available:   http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2000_09/nkoreasept00.asp       How to cite Nuclear terrorism, Essay examples

James Decartes Essay Example For Students

James Decartes Essay World War I left many families dead, creating large numbers of orphans. Jamaie (later to become James) Decartes was one of those orphans. His father died in the trenches in France, and his mother was stolen away, never to be seen again. James was 14 when this happened, he hid under floor boards when his mother was taken away. His humble french hometown village, was over run with german foot traffic, traveling to and from the front line. James decided this was no life for him, so he ran south, towards Switzerland, which he knew wasnt involved in the war, trying to seek asylum. He traveled by the cover of night, seeking charity from locals, and trying dodge the german military machine. James refused to be beaten by the germans, he would sabotage trucks, and other equipment, to do his part for his country. His spirit was undominatable, which is probably why his sire Sven Troile took notice of him. Sven had recently left Russia, due to the war, and the hardships with kindred politics there. Sven sought to establish a brujah presence in the toreador dominated france after the war. For this Sven would need help, taking notice of James, he watched over him and his travel, not letting himself be known. James may very well have died, if it werent for Sven, but James didnt know that. Eventually James made it to switzerland, being a neutral party in the war, the soilders would not let him enter the country. Confused as to what to do than, he started towards spain, but feared that he would find no security there. Along his way towards spain, he met up with a swiss farmer outside the country lines (through some persuasion down the road from sven), he was invited to be smuggled inside the country. This is when he first met Sven, whos very presence awed James. James, who was still young and impressionable, quickly latched onto Svens magnetic personality. James thought Sven was hiding for the war also, which gave him more room. Sven promised James they would go back to France when the war was over, and James was eager to return home and make a name for himself. Sven and James lived out the war in Bern, Switzerland, enjoying the night life, which James never questioned, as he had become accustomed to it, as he viewed it as safer at night for people illegally in the country. No one ever asked any questions, as Svens swiss was nearly perfect. During their stay in Switzerland, Sven continually dropped hints about his true nature and society, to make it easier for James to figure out. After the war, when James was 18, He and Sven returned to France. They went to a city called Loire, a large growing metropolis in western France. James saw less of Sven than, as Sven always had business to attend too. James worked for a man Sven new, named Bennito Turen (an Italian man), down at the shipping docks. After a year of service to Bennito, he got angry, James did not know why, but he did. Bennito was beat James near death (james couldnt believe how strong bennito was), when Sven showed up. James wasnt sure why, maybe it was because his head had been hit, but Sven seemed to move with blinding speed, and hit with amazing power. Sven beat Bennito down, and into the water, and came to James. Not knowing any other way to save James, Sven embraced him, his wounds healing, and the power of unlife throbing through his now undead veins. James was shocked by his transformation, but not angered. .u1233fbb9fd9151941f4062eac02ec3f0 , .u1233fbb9fd9151941f4062eac02ec3f0 .postImageUrl , .u1233fbb9fd9151941f4062eac02ec3f0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1233fbb9fd9151941f4062eac02ec3f0 , .u1233fbb9fd9151941f4062eac02ec3f0:hover , .u1233fbb9fd9151941f4062eac02ec3f0:visited , .u1233fbb9fd9151941f4062eac02ec3f0:active { border:0!important; } .u1233fbb9fd9151941f4062eac02ec3f0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1233fbb9fd9151941f4062eac02ec3f0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1233fbb9fd9151941f4062eac02ec3f0:active , .u1233fbb9fd9151941f4062eac02ec3f0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1233fbb9fd9151941f4062eac02ec3f0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1233fbb9fd9151941f4062eac02ec3f0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1233fbb9fd9151941f4062eac02ec3f0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1233fbb9fd9151941f4062eac02ec3f0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1233fbb9fd9151941f4062eac02ec3f0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1233fbb9fd9151941f4062eac02ec3f0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1233fbb9fd9151941f4062eac02ec3f0 .u1233fbb9fd9151941f4062eac02ec3f0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1233fbb9fd9151941f4062eac02ec3f0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Walt Whitmans Evolution Essay He had expected something like this to happen, througout his traveles with Sven. Over the next year, Sven taught all he could to James, who proved to be a very apt student. James, not only learning scholarly things from Sven, he taught himself how to fight. He never wanted to be beaten again, like he was by Bennito, whom James found out was also a vampire, called a Giovanni. He lived in france with Sven learning all he could know for 8 years. But as James wasnow a Brujah,

Othello Essays (1299 words) - Othello, Iago, Emilia, Michael Cassio

Othello In Shakespeare's "Othello", Iago carefully and masterfully entraps Othello into believing that his wife, Desdemona, is having an affair with Cassio. He does this through a series of suggestions and hesitations that entice and implant images in Othello's head that lead him to his demise. But what is more important is, he gives Othello the motive to murder his own innocent Desdemona, satisfying Iago's immense appetite for revenge. The motive for Iago's devious plan is initially made clear in the first of Iago's three major soliloquies, in which he proclaims Othello has had an affair with his wife, Emila. "And it is thought abroad that 'twist my sheets he's done my office." The irony behind this line is that he then says, "I know not if't be true, but I, for mere suspicion in that kind, will do as if for surety." The impression this gave me after reading the complete text was that Iago is so exceedingly paranoid and insane that he will go as far as murdering, and deluding even a General into murdering his wife! Iago simultaneously conducts an equally devious plan to obtain Cassio's position as lieutenant, using Desdemona's prime weakness, her naivety. He disgraces Cassio by getting him drunk so that he strikes Roderigo. Othello then discharges Cassio when he says, "I love thee; But nevermore be officer of mine." How must poor Cassio have felt? To lose all he had worked for, burning gallons of mid-night oil, working up his reputation that any half-hearted human can tell he deserved. It was therefore understandable that he would fall to the mercy of Iago completely oblivious to the inevitable effects. Iago reveals his plan to the reader in his third soliloquy where he states, "His soul is so enfettered to her love, that she may make, unmake, do what she list, even as her appetite shall play the god with his weak function...And she for him pleads strongly to the Moor, I'll pour this pestilence into his ear, that she repeals him for her body's lust; And by how much she strives to do him good, s he shall undo her credit with the Moor." The first instance of this plan comes to life in the scene where Iago gets Cassio drunk, but the crafting only begins after Cassio is dismissed. With Cassio's reputation squandered - "O I have lost my reputation. I have lost the immortal part of myself, and what remains is bestial," Iago subsequently hooks in Cassio by taking advantage of the fact that he is in a state where he will do anything to get his job, position and reputation back. Iago tells him to seek Desdemona to get it all back, "Our general's wife is now the general...She is so free, so kind, so apt, so blessed a disposition, she holds is a vice in her goodness not to do more than she is requested." This tells me then Iago knows Desdemona is extremely naive. So Cassio asks Desdemona to ask Othello to take him in again. Iago implants images of Cassio and Desdemona having an affair in the mind of Othello, so the more Desdemona pleads with Othello, the more he believes Iago. And the more he refuses Desdemona because of this, the more Desdemona pleads with Othello, thereby creating an inescapable knot that never ceases to tighten around all three characters. But for any of this to work, Iago first had to carefully build up trust from all characters. Being a master of deception, this was not difficult. All the constant declarations of love spoken so openly and as though thoughtlessly throughout the play would be enough to fool anyone, "I think you think I love you...I protest, in the sincerity of love and honest kindness." And evidently he does deceive them thoughout the play in their words: Othello : Thy honesty and love doth mince this matter...My friend, thy husband, honest, honest Iago. Cassio : Good night honest Iago...I never knew a Florentine more kind and honest. All the love and honesty Iago falsely imposes upon Othello and Cassio easily conjure them never to doubt the possibility that he could ever set either of them up in such a profound and disgraceful manner. The irony of

Jonathans Swifts’ Gulliver’s Travels Essay Essay Example

Jonathans Swifts’ Gulliver’s Travels Essay Essay Example Jonathans Swifts’ Gulliver’s Travels Essay Essay Jonathans Swifts’ Gulliver’s Travels Essay Essay Essay Topic: Trifles In Joanthans Swifts’ Gulliver’s Travels Part IV he uses a certain character to be his perfect illustration for what the human race should be. With this character he so will compare to the lowest of all existences to exemplify all the mistakes of adult male. These characters in his narrative are called the Houyhnhnms. which have a uniquely similar pronunciation to the word worlds. and the Yahoos. who are the evil animals of this peculiar island that Gulliver has washed up upon. Throughout the narrative as Gulliver describes the people of his place to the Houyhnhnms the reader begins to see how Swift shines a visible radiation on all the mistakes that worlds have ; compared to a Godhead. simple and perfect animal as the Houyhnhnms. Gulliver tries to distinct himself from the Yahoos of this land. who he perfectly abhors. by explicating his people’s ways and demoing they have the ability to ground. unlike the Yahoos. The reader easy begins to see what Swift is seekin g to carry through with his Hagiographas. He lets the reader make their ain premises of the human race. but makes the premise really clear. Within the narrative Gulliver describes how â€Å"his eyes had been opened and enlarged his apprehension. which he began to see the actions and passions of adult male in a really different light† ( puchner291 ) . Gulliver begins to see that the thick tegument. excess hair and long nails are simply the lone thing dividing himself from the Yahoos. This oculus gap is precisely what Swift wants his readers to see and see that there are so many ugly mistakes and useless ways of life in their society. The slow pretense of the mistakes within adult male and inquiring of the ways of world are in complete alliance with the thoughts and ways of the Enlightenment. which was in short. to inquiry everything. As Gulliver’s stay on the island continues. this inquiring and scrutiny of every facet of his former life continues every bit good. The Houyhnhnms. or voices of ground. travel on to oppugn the Torahs of Gulliver’s land. One Houyhnhnms states how he can non even contemplate how â€Å"the jurisprudence which was intended for every man’s saving should be any man’s ruin† ( puchner285 ) . Swift takes a deep pang at the governments’ ways of workings at the clip and merely shows how it is anything but merely and does non do any sense. Swift besides makes a singular point in the way of women’s rights. and uses common since to demo how the intervention of adult females of the clip was wholly foolhardy. The voice of a Houyhnhnms explains how it would be â€Å"monstrous in them to give the females a different sort of instruction from the males† ( puchner298 ) . The Houyhnhnms says how this manner holds no logic. because it would go forth one half of their people merely utile for the delivery of kids into the universe and go forth them good for nil else ( puchner298 ) . Swift does non halt at that place and states how irresponsible it would be to non merely go forth this group inadequate but to so swear the attention and upbringing of their kids with these wholly unqualified animals. His ground here is really sound and unmistakable ; how can you anticipate a society to boom if the elevation of adult male is done by the lowest animal of their society. Gulliver tries to turn out to be different organize the Yokel by the fact that he can ground. The Houyhnhnms can see directly through this and one provinces that â€Å"when a animal feigning to ground could be capable of such outrageousnesss. he dreaded lest the corruptness of that module might be worse than ferociousness itself† ( puchner285 ) . Through the Houyhnhnms response Swift dives into the deepnesss of what world is capable of. He tackles how we may hold the power of ground but have abused it to the full extent and alternatively of like the Yahoos caused devastation outwards on the universe we have brought corruptness into the interior existences of our society. Swift’s Hagiographas in Gulliver’s Travels inquiry the full devisings of world and even the inability of people to make bold to inquiry. The Houyhnhnms are Swifts illustration of how worlds should be but even the Houyhnhnms in their perfectness have a mistake. They have no ability to oppugn any facts or speak of â€Å"the thing which is not† . In Swift’s narrative. Gulliver recants how he remembers how difficult it was for him to acquire his maestro to grok the significance of the word sentiment. or how any fact could be brought to inquiry because â€Å"reason taught us to confirm or deny merely where we are certain ; and beyond our cognition we can non make either† ( puchner297 ) . Swift wants the reader to understand that you must non be afraid to set your ideas and what you have been taught all of your life into inquiry. to non fear the unknown. The Houyhnhnms garbage to believe that there are states outside of their ain island. similar to the manner people refuse to believe that there are sentiments and replies other than their ain that could be right. Fleet uses his narrative Gulliver’ s Travels to light the thought that the universe as you know may non be the best of what it could be. merely as the manner narratives have been used to learn kids lessons at a immature age. In Voltaire’s narrative Candide. his chief character Candide is taken on a journey where he is determined to happen his true love Cunegonde. which he is detached signifier in the beginning of the narrative. Through his journey Voltaire has Candide besides in changeless hunt for any adult male that is happier than he. In the narrative Candide has a friend named Pangloss who is a philosopher. In the beginning of this tale Pangloss provinces that â€Å"there can non perchance be an consequence without a cause† and that â€Å"things can non be otherwise than they are. for since everything is made to function an terminal. everything needfully serves the best end† ( puchner356 ) . Voltaire takes these quotation marks throughout the narrative and commits Candide to oppugn it at every opportunity. but is blinded by pure devotedness to what his friend Pangloss has said and continues to force on. Voltaire uses the comparing of two antonyms merely as Jonathan Swift did in G ulliver Travel’s IV. Voltaire uses the land Eldorado in Candide to compare to Westphalia. Eldorado is the illustration of the perfect universe while Westphalia is full of everything that is incorrect with the universe in Voltaire’s sentiment. In this sacred Eldorado Candide and Cacambo witnesses how the people have no desire or wants for the gems that line their streets. He states that â€Å"the kids of this land must be good trained. since they are taught disdain for gold and jewels† ( puchner381 ) . During their dinner with their host at the hotel Candide tries to utilize the gold for payment but in this perfect Eldorado people are gracious and hotels are made and paid for by the province and they do non necessitate any money. Later Candide begins to inquire about faith and finds that this land has the perfect faith where they do non hold monastics that dictate what they do and penalize them if they do non pattern their faith as they say they should ( putchner383 ) . Alternatively Voltaire describes a faith where people are all of the same head and can fre ely pattern their faith ( puchner282 ) . Once Candide meets the male monarch he finds that this perfect land has no parliament for there was no demand and no prisons but they had a gallery full of topographic points to analyze scientific disciplines with mathematical and physical instruments to assist farther cognition ( putchner383 ) . Here you can see how Voltaire is making a universe that has no biass and is surrounded by the overall bettering and good of the people. Although Candide and Cacambo have found the perfect universe they still are non satisfied. This is a major defect in adult male. to go on to desire even after they have everything they need. In response to this. Candide and Cacambo leave and take all the wealths they need that they assume will convey them happiness but alternatively are presented with calamity after calamity that brings them right back to where they began. Candide so by losing everything somehow is reunited with all his friends and they make it to a bantam farm to populate where Pangloss continues to inquiry. He finds a philosopher that he wants to discourse the â€Å"effects and causes. the best of possible universes. the beginning of immorality. the nature of the psyche. and pre-established harmony† ( putchner412 ) all of which are premier illustrations of some of the chief parts that have been in inquiry during the Enlightenment ; but alternatively Pangloss has the door slammed in his face ; similar to the manner adult male refuses to discourse these really same facet. Pangloss still does non halt inquiring inquiries and doing philosophical premises even to the really terminal of the narrative and after all the awful things that had happened to him. Candide so runs into a Turk that states that most of the clip the people who get involved in others concern. perish awfully ( putchner413 ) . The Turk so continues to state Candide that he and his household cultivate their 20 estates â€Å"and the work keeps [ them ] from three great immoralities. ennui. frailty. and poverty† ( putchner413 ) . Candide takes the Turks words really earnestly and shortly sets out his life to copy the Turks and sets up a garden to cultivate. After run intoing all the people throughout his journey he finds this adult male to be the lone individual happier than him and he had found a manner to do life endurable ; so Candide commits to making the same. Voltaire has much to state through his character Pangloss and Martin. about work forces who choose to populate their li ves working. Pangloss states that â€Å"man was non born to take his ease† and Martin remarks that â€Å"working without guess is the lone manner of rendering life endurable. † Candide eventually has everything that he wanted all on their farm but sees that what he wanted and thought is non any longer what he wants or thinks. Cunegonde has lost all her beauty and he does non love her anymore and Pangloss’s theory does non keep a light in Candid’s’ head any longer. He decides to alter his life and halt desiring more and do a life that is focused on one end ; to cultivate his garden and non worry about the trifles amongst the universe. He so sees clearly that he makes his ain felicity and others do non. The garden will maintain him off from the immoralities in which he has met all his life. He will non hold to desire for nutrient and beg. and he will merely hold plenty for what he needs and non what he wants and this will maintain his head busy and off from ennui. Pope’s Hagiographas differ greatly from Swift’s or Voltaire’s. In Pope’s Essay on Man. he uses poesy to exemplify his philosophical points. The start of his essay provinces â€Å"what can we ground but from what we know† ( putchner345 ) . Pope additions the reader’s attending by merely stating that he is merely traveling to analyze Man. This alone is what the Enlightenment was approximately. to take into history all that you thought you cognize and so inquire yourself. is this truly what I know. Pope goes to inquire the inquiry. are we the lone system or existence? He says to merely â€Å"observe how system into system runs† ( putchner345 ) . How can we be the lone universe is the inquiry he wishes to light in us ; if we merely look at our universe we can clearly see that we are excessively a system within a system and possibly we have a intent within this really sphere. He continues to inquire inquiry among inquiry to farther province. why are we the manner we are? And are we the highest being above all on Earth and if so. should we be in this topographic point? We can see where he asks â€Å"if God has placed him wrong† and should we hold the power over the universe that we do ( putchner345 ) . If God has placed us in this high place so shouldn’t we be perfect. but he describes free will by stating that â€Å"man’s every bit perfect as he ought† and that we are every bit good as we let ourselves be ( putchner346 ) . The Essay on Man discusses destiny and why we do non cognize our ain destiny or more so the really page that we are on in life. If â€Å"had he thy ground. would he jump and play† ( putchner346 ) and go on to populate our lives if we knew how it would all terminal. He gives the reply that hope of the unknown is what keeps adult male traveling. He examines the Indian people. a premier illustration of life in the unknown ; for they had no scientific disciplines to allow them see the planets and the existence but still remained to hold God in their civilization. He said they have a â€Å"humbler heaven† before the Europeans came to suppress their land and torture them for their gold ( putchner347 ) . Pope describes to the reader that pride is our mistake and we blame God for everything when we are non happy. Our pride gives us the right to believe that Earth is for our ain usage. He explains â€Å"why has non adult male a microscopic eye† . his response is simple â €Å"that adult male is non a fly† ( putchner347 ) . Pope wants the reader to see that God has made us the manner we are and we are non meant to see that far ; that we are meant to inspect the Earth non to understand the celestial spheres. He ends his essay by stating that â€Å"all partial immorality [ is ] cosmopolitan good† and that â€Å"whatever is. is right† ( putchner351 ) . This really statement was examined greatly by Voltaire’s work Candide and has been examined by many philosophers and minds even to this really present twenty-four hours. The Rape of the Lock is another narrative written by Pope in which he besides uses poesy to make the reader but in my instance went over my caput. He illustrates a beautiful narrative of a miss named Belinda that his great at playing cards and wins the bosom of every adult male and Sylph she comes across. The Sylphs follow Belinda throughout her full twenty-four hours and Pope begins to demo how adult male has no control over anything that happens ; whether that may be the folding of her arms or the safety of Belinda. Pope may be go oning his theory that adult male has his ain destiny but that he can non cognize it and certain Powers that are out of our understand command our twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours life. That this is the manner things are and it is in our best ability to be happy with the life we are given. Even the just Belinda blessed with all the beauty in the universe is non spared by destinies manus. The loss of her strand of hair in the terminal may resemble the loss of virtuousness and her pride for even the perfect can be brought down. Plants CitedPuchner. Martin. Suzanne Akbari. Wiebke Denecke. Vinay Dharwadke. and Barbara Fuchs. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. 3rd erectile dysfunction. Vol. D. New York. London: W. W. Norton A ; Company. 2012. 269-413. Print.

UN Human Development Index (HDI)

UN Human Development Index (HDI) The Human Development Index (commonly abbreviated HDI) is a summary of human development around the world and implies whether a country is developed, still developing, or underdeveloped based on factors such as life expectancy, education, literacy, gross domestic product per capita. The results of the HDI are published in the Human Development Report, which is commissioned by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and is written by scholars, those who study world development and members of the Human Development Report Office of the UNDP. According to the UNDP, human development is â€Å"about creating an environment in which people can develop their full potential and lead productive, creative lives in accord with their needs and interests. People are the real wealth of nations. Development is thus about expanding the choices people have to lead lives that they value.† Human Development Index Background The main motivation for the Human Development Report itself was a focus on only real income per capita as the basis for a country’s development and prosperity. The UNDP claimed that economic prosperity as shown with real income per capita was not the only factor in measuring human development because these numbers do not necessarily mean a country’s people as a whole are better off. Thus, the first Human Development Report used the HDI and examined such concepts as health and life expectancy, education, and work and leisure time. The Human Development Index Today The second dimension measured in the HDI is a country’s overall knowledge level as measured by the adult literacy rate combined with the gross enrollment ratios of students in primary school through the university level. The third and final dimension in the HDI is a country’s standard of living. Those with higher standards of living rank higher than those with lower standards of living. This dimension is measured with the gross domestic product per capita in purchasing power parity terms, based on United States dollars. In order to accurately calculate each of these dimensions for the HDI, a separate index is calculated for each of them based on the raw data gathered during studies. The raw data is then put into a formula with minimum and maximum values to create an index. The HDI for each country is then calculated as an average of the three indices which include the life expectancy index, the gross enrollment index, and the gross domestic product. 2011 Human Development Report 2011 Human Development report 1) Norway2) Australia3) United States4) Netherlands5) Germany The category of â€Å"Very High Human Development includes places like Bahrain, Israel, Estonia, and Poland. Countries with â€Å"High Human Development† are next and include Armenia, the Ukraine, and Azerbaijan. There is a category called Medium Human Development which includes Jordan, Honduras, and South Africa. Finally, countries with â€Å"Low Human Development† include such places as Togo, Malawi, and Benin. Criticisms of the Human Development Index Despite these criticisms, the HDI continues to be used today and is important because it consistently draws the attention of governments, corporations, and international organizations to portions of development which focus on aspects other than income like health and education. To learn more about the Human Development Index, visit the United Nations Development Program website.

Implicit Knowledge Assets in Healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Implicit Knowledge Assets in Healthcare - Essay Example In their drive towards improving efficiency and cutting cost, Knowledge Management has come as a concept with immense potential. The present case is of a Spine Unit in USA, which is in the environment as described above, and the paramount need is leveraging the potential of its two key assets, technology and knowledge in a manner which is able to enhance its efficiency and reduce costs. The Spine Care unit has rich knowledge assets comprising of surgeons and medical staffs from the disciplines of Neurology, Neuro-surgery, orthopedics, spine surgeons, psychologists, physical therapists and pathologists. It is a technology intensive unit with advanced technologies deployed at clinical side in the form of medical equipments and in the practice management side it has extensive IT facilities like Hospital Management Information System (HMIS).   The unit has well developed protocols based on data/information from NCQA, medical journals and its own systems. It is clear from the details th at the Spine Unit is not exploiting the potential of its implicit knowledge assets in a structured and strategic manner despite the fact that it has majority of KM technology in place.   The issue is to leverage the unit’s existing strength and deploy a full-fledged KM system. It is beyond doubt that knowledge and its management involves only one thing – people, all others are enablers. Larry Prusak says â€Å"Knowledge flows along existing pathways in organizations. If we want to understand how to improve the flow of knowledge., we need to understand those pathways.† [citation?] The KM solution for the Spine unit has to exploit the KM concept which creates Communities of Practice, enhances sharing and enriching knowledge, promotes networking and bonding among employees. We see a gap in people focused KM mechanisms, systems and technologies. Proposed solution The objective is to create a KM system comprising of compulsory elements and voluntary elements of KM systems. It is with the approach of leveraging and integrating the exiting assets and existing IT technology Compulsory elements: At every decision point viz. admission of patient, diagnosis, surgery, post operative care, people concerned will be required to refer to the KM system. For example while making a decision to admit the patient one will be required to access the system and system will â€Å"Push† relevant information i.e. patient history, probable diagnosis, past experiences, experts list to ensure the best decision in a quick manner. [

Madoffs Fraud Case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Madoffs Fraud Case - Research Paper Example He said that he earned the capital he invested in the business from Far Rockaway as lifeguard earnings. His firm was a major contributor to the growth of Nasdaq and boasts of succeeding in creating a system where brokers who mostly had traded in the New York Stock Exchange could do more business with the Nasdaq. When news that the business executive had been defrauding the investors and that the firm was nothing but a scam went public, it became a shock for most people. The scheme was a well-organized plan by a number of people to convince the regulators, investors, and visitors in the firms’ office that trading was going on while in real since it was not. In fact, there was no trading in the company for most of its life, with Mr. DiPascali an employee, revealing that he discovered that the company was not trading at all since the late 1980s. In addition, the firm also used a program that generated numbers randomly to choose the people to award-trading orders to, which happene d in varying intervals and in different increments. In such a case, it is unlikely for the investors to face charges for being victims of injustice (Efrati, 2009). However, Efrati, (2009) explains that two of the biggest investors in the firm, who had invested and trusted the firm with billions of dollars, got involved in the case, and the prosecution dragged them individually as well as their foundations to court to face charges. Instead of winning sympathy from the prosecutors and the judge, as they faced the charge of conspiring with the managers to defrauding other investors in the company. In a Manhattan court, Peter Madoff confessed among other crimes that he had faked documents and lied to regulators, which helped his elder brother Bernard Madoff to perpetuate the biggest of all investment frauds. The multi-billion dollar fraud scheme, known as the Ponzi scheme, defrauded investors of their invested capital during the collapse of Benard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC inv estment firm owned by Bernard Madoff. According to his confession in the court, Peter said that the investment sham caught him in shock when his brother told him the truth in the December of 2008 but said that he helped to divert the firm’s remaining funds to friends and family of the Madoffs. The employees forged documents that created a wrong impression of the company as trading and lured them into getting into the contracts and later lost their money. During his confession, Peter apologized for his irresponsible behavior, which is nothing, compared to the number of losses that investors suffered under his watch. For Peter, pleading guilty for his actions did not let him walk free after the judge sentenced him to 10 years imprisonment (Bray & Lauricella, 2009). The sentence also requires him to forfeit all his personal assets that include a Ferrari and more than 10 million dollars in cash. The sentence did not spare his wife and daughter, where he is required to forfeit the ir assets too. According to Peter, Bernard always acted as the boss, without giving his younger brother a chance for dialog. Despite this, he had an option of choosing not to honor his brother’s commands and do the right thing. He contributed to losses estimated at 17 billion dollars, money owned by the company on behalf of the investors, of which he promised to recover 11 billion.